Because the terms fluid retention and swelling would result in websites on many conditions other than kidney disease, we excluded these terms from our search. Our final search terms were kidney disease, kidney failure, kidney function, and dialysis, used separately.
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We chose Google http: The author logged in at home to avoid institutional login that might result in websites being retrieved that people without institutional credentials could not view unless they paid for the content. She also signed off from her existing Google account before website search.
After setting text size at default, she searched websites using each search term within each search engine at a time. Websites were included for quality evaluation if they were written in English and if they were publicly accessible without a password or subscription. Websites were excluded if they were a sub-site of a website already collected except websites such as Wikipedia in which separate articles are not sub-sites ; solely aimed at marketing, selling, or advertising a product, jobs related to kidney disease, or therapy; news or video websites; scholarly journal websites; social networking websites e.
Of the 84 websites retrieved and assessed for their study eligibility, after eliminating duplicates within each search term, 40 websites were included in the analysis. The selection process is shown in Figure 1. Of the 46 advertisement websites retrieved for the search terms, 20 were reviewed after excluding 26 duplicates. This item scale includes subscales of reliability of the publication and quality of the information on treatment choices sections on a Likert scale from 1 No to 5 Yes and an overall quality rating from 1 Low to 5 High.
Thus, our quality assessment was focused on clarity, match between the purposes and information, relevance, sources of information, balance without biases, suggestions for additional sources, and areas of uncertainty. Without the seven-item subscale, the possible total score range is from 8 to 40, excluding the overall rating, with higher scores indicating better quality.
A Systematic Evaluation of Websites Offering Information on Chronic Kidney Disease
There were large variations in ratings among the raters initially. The second round of evaluating the same three websites resulted in good inter-rater reliability; ICCs for consistency ranged from 0. For the evaluation of the 40 websites meeting the inclusion criteria, three pairs of raters evaluated 13 to 14 websites each. The websites were randomly assigned to these pairs.
Raters independently reviewed each website. If the website included multiple hyperlinks for additional information, only one additional hyperlink was included in the evaluation. Any discrepancies between two raters were resolved through group discussions. These two scores are computed based on the average number of syllables per word and words for sentence.
FRE scores range from 0 to with higher scores indicating greater readability. FK grade level scores indicate U. An FK score corresponds with a grade level; for example, a score of 8.
A Systematic Evaluation of Websites Offering Information on Chronic Kidney Disease
We did not making any judgment about what reading level would be appropriate for the CKD population. Descriptive statistics means, standard deviations, frequencies were used to summarize the characteristics of the retrieved websites, DISCERN scores, and readability scores. The types, primary target audience, and topics of the 40 websites evaluated are summarized in Table 1. Roughly half of the sample provided an overview of CKD, including causes, risk factors, common symptoms, and diagnostic tests.
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Of those, two websites offered information about coping with CKD or prevention, and one website addressed common questions that might be raised by patients who have been newly diagnosed with CKD. There were only three websites providing information about specific dialysis type, and of those, only one website was focused on peritoneal dialysis. Of the 20 sponsored links or banner advertisements that appeared on the top or on the side of the search result page, 13 were for-profit-commercial companies and seven were not-for-profit organizations.
The topics of the advertisement websites are presented in Table 2. Of the 40 websites, 10 were not clear about their aims.
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The mean SD FK level of the sample was DISCERN scores and both readability scores did not differ by type of website ownership government agency, organization, vs. Although nearly 10 years have passed since the quality and limited utility of the CKD websites have been described Calderon et al. Most websites did not provide a clear source of information, such as whether it was research-based evidence or an expert opinion. No websites in the sample were written at a level most adults could easily understand.
Evaluating information for credibility and quality is one skill necessary for health literacy Fraser et al. To use health information on the Internet for educational resources, it is important that renal healthcare providers are aware of websites that provide reliable information to direct patients to those sites. Healthcare providers should also be aware that websites with higher quality might be written at too high a level of most adults. In general, the scope and depth of information offered by the websites in this study were limited.
A majority of websites presented a brief overview of CKD, with little information about lifestyle changes to delay CKD progression or how to cope with the illness. Similarly, websites providing information about dialysis were primarily focused on medical procedures and technical aspects. These websites did not offer sufficient information or refer to other sources to help patients who face dialysis decision-making or information about how to cope with life on dialysis.
This suggests that a majority of current CKD websites offer little utility or benefit to serve as meaningful educational resources for the general public. Thus, some patients with CKD may visit these advertisements and try the advertised products without or before consulting with their healthcare providers. Our study has several limitations. Information seeking is contextual in that people use a variety of different strategies to select search terms that are refined throughout the process based on their information needs, the environment of the search, and the intended outcomes Marchionini, The process is also iterative with modifications to the search strategy depending on the results that have already been obtained.
However, in our study, we assumed users were using only a single search term and then terminating their search. Taller feeling and polycystic kidney disease at 38 and the percentage of. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Cancer patients or survivors often ask: Should I start to date again and when? Can you imagine the debilitating impact on your life if you have to spend three days of each week travelling to your nearest hospital only to. Kidney Diseases Beyond Nephrology. The site also noted that she had been getting treatment for an.
Masterson and the year-old socialite married in October after dating for eight years. That she had chronic kidney disease dating back at least four years, but. Despite this, many doctors arent diagnosing kidney disease in their patients. ASN leads the fight against kidney disease by educating health. So I definitely understand how it is when our body is tired, sick and sometimes the feeling of being overwhelmed. Being on dialysis we try our best to maintain a normal life style as much as possible. So we came up with a plan on days like that to just let me rest and not do anything.
After a full 8 hours of doing absolutely nothing I would feel a lot better.
My Journey with Kidney Disease
I would suggest trying something along the lines to see if makes a difference. My husband and I have traveled My question is if any of you have depression issues after transplant? Well, I have been occupied with my book project. I will be getting admitted to the hospital the day before Reply Like 0 Follow post.
NeedingAdonor in reply to pgjohnson