Despite the continuing severity of the epidemic, huge strides have been made towards meeting the UNAIDS targets. Declines were greatest in Mozambique, Uganda and Zimbabwe. While in Ethiopia and Madagascar, the annual number of new infections increased. In , HIV prevalence among young women years in the region was double that of young men 3. The reasons behind this are numerous and complex. A UNAIDS assessment of demographic and health surveys carried out in the region suggests young women face higher levels of spousal physical or sexual violence than women from other age groups.
Dating In East Africa
The main route for HIV transmission among children is through birth see later section on preventing mother-to-child transmission. However, East and Southern Africa also has high levels of underage, child and forced marriage. Girls who marry as children are more likely to be beaten or threatened by their husbands than girls who marry later. They are also more likely to describe their first sexual experience as forced.
As minors, child brides are rarely able to assert their wishes, such as whether to practice safer sex. Increased political will to curb child marriage is growing in the region. In , Malawi increased the legal marriage age to 18 and in Zimbabwe outlawed child marriages. In , Ethiopia developed a national strategy to address child marriage and female genital mutilation.
Although sex workers are disproportionately affected by HIV in every country in the region, HIV prevalence among this population varies greatly between countries, ranging from 1. Condom usage by sex workers and their clients varies greatly. In some cases, sex workers have no access to condoms or are unaware of their importance. A study in Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe found evidence of physical and sexual abuse and harassment of sex workers who carry condoms.
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Police were also using the threat of arrest on the grounds of condom possession to extort and exploit sex workers. Overall, one in three men who have sex with men is living with HIV in the region. The vast majority of national AIDS plans or strategies in the region identify men who have sex with men as a key population.
However, specific programmes for this group are extremely limited and constrained by widespread homophobia and, in some countries, the criminalisation of same-sex practices.
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Although regional data is limited, country surveys among people who inject drugs suggest high HIV prevalence. In , an estimated Although data is limited, East and Southern Africa is thought to have one of the highest rates of HIV prevalence among prisoners in the world. This is reflective of high HIV prevalence in the general population and the continued criminalisation of key population groups.
It is also due to the fact that prisons are high risk environments for HIV transmission, fuelled by over-crowding, limited access to health care, drug use, unsafe injecting practices, sexual violence, unprotected sex and tattooing. No country in the region has national data on HIV among transgender people.
HIV & AIDS Information :: Abolishing HIV in Rwanda
However, it is thought that prevalence among this group is extremely high. Access to HTC has been a major barrier to testing up-take and a number of strategies have been used to address this. Workplace and door-to-door testing, using rapid diagnostic tests, is also increasing. HIV-related stigma remains a huge barrier to testing, something that self-testing kits may help to side-step. In , Kenya announced plans to introduce self-test kits. Evidence from STAR suggests that, when provided as part of a community-based approach, self-testing is increasing HIV testing among men and adolescents in the region, groups that have been previously hard to reach.
It has also been shown to improve the proportion of key populations testing positive who then access treatment. I decided to get tested so that I could be aware of my HIV status. I have big dreams that I would like to achieve in life like everybody else and I want to stay healthy and prevent myself from HIV infection. I also encourage my friends and fellow young people to go for HIV testing regularly and take control of their lives. A number of countries in the region have conducted large-scale prevention programmes in an effort to contain and reduce their HIV epidemics.
In , Ethiopia, Malawi, eSwatini and Zimbabwe looked at how to revitalise their national prevention programmes. In the same year, government representatives of Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa met to plan the development of a regional roadmap to accelerate scale-up of combination HIV prevention services at local levels and increase investments for combination HIV prevention. In ministers of health and education from countries across the region committed to bringing in a raft of programmes to address the barriers that prevent girls and young women from accessing services.
Focuses include keeping girls in school, comprehensive sexuality education, girl-friendly sexual and reproductive health services, eliminating gender-based violence and female genital mutilation, and economic and political empowerment.
Who We Are
It focuses on social isolation, economic disadvantage, discriminatory cultural norms, orphanhood, gender-based violence and education. As of early , reporting on its targets has yet to be released but results released in show DREAMS had reached more than 1 million adolescent girls and young women with comprehensive HIV prevention services Condom availability varies widely by country, with only five countries meeting the United Nations Population Fund UNFPA regional benchmark of 30 male condoms distributed per man per year between and In , 20 countries in the region committed to improving sexual and reproductive education for young people.
In response, VMMC accelerated rapidly in the region between and , reaching 3.
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In and this fell to around 2. Harm reduction interventions that help prevent HIV transmission, such as needle and syringe programmes NSPs , education on safe injecting practices and opioid substitution therapy OST , exist on a relatively small scale in the region but they are growing. Kenya and South Africa are leading the way on scaling up harm reduction programmes.
In , South Africa became the first country in the region to fully approve pre-exposure prophylaxis PrEP , the use of antiretroviral drugs to protect HIV-negative people from HIV before potential exposure to the virus. A month later, Kenya followed suit, specifically with young women and girls in high-incidence areas. Zimbabwe has since began implementing PrEP, As evidence grows showing the effectiveness and acceptability of PrEP, particularly for key populations and those unable to negotiate condom use, roll-out is accelerating.
Antiretroviral treatment ART programmes have been scaled-up dramatically in East and Southern Africa over the past decade. This was after a successful pilot phase and global approval of the mode of circumcision that is expected to be adopted across the world. Dr Nsanzimana said Rwanda fares well in medical research as it fulfills all the three aspects for research.
In the published research finding, Samuel K. Sia, an associate professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Columbia, who was the head of the research, said part of a wider effort to simplify medical tests that are normally done in a lab and that could be used in poor or remote locations. He said the dongle presents new capabilities for a broad range of users, from health care providers to consumers.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Health, HIV prevalence stands at 3 per cent in the country and more than , adults and 8, children living with HIV are on anti-retroviral therapy. The statistics further indicate that between July and June, last year, the number of health facilities offering voluntary testing and counselling increased from to facilities enabling the country to achieve 99 per cent of national coverage.
Currently, Rwanda is also involved in medical research of HIV vaccine that could further boost efforts in the fight against the disease. View the discussion thread. Rwandan researchers, in a partnership with US scientists, have developed a low-cost smartphone accessory that can detect HIV and syphilis from a finger prick of blood in just 15 minutes. Over the past 10 years, there has been a 50 per cent reduction in HIV prevalence. Have Your Say Leave a comment.
Abolishing HIV in Rwanda
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