First degree rape includes sexual intercourse penetration, however slight with a minor younger than 12 years old, and of the opposite sex of the defendant, when the defendant is at least 16 years old. This offense is a Class A felony. Second degree rape includes sexual intercourse with a minor who is 12, 13, 14, or 15, and of the opposite sex of the defendant, when the defendant is at least 16 years old and at least two years older than the victim.
This offense is a Class B felony.
What Is the Age of Consent in Alabama?
Sexual abuse of a child less than 12 years old includes sexual touching between a minor younger than 12 years old, and a defendant who is at least 16 years old. Second degree sexual abuse includes sexual touching with a minor who is 12, 13, 14, or 15, when the defendant is at least 19 years old. This offense is a Class A misdemeanor. Penalties may include fine, prison time, or both, with more serious fines and prison terms reserved for crimes involving intercourse with younger victims.
Generally, the younger the victim and the older the defendant, the more severely the crime can be punished.
Age of Consent Laws
For example, a man who has sexual intercourse with a boy could be convicted of sodomy. State law requires—in addition to the applicable fines and prison time—that people convicted of certain instances of statutory rape must register as sex offenders. Minors are legally incapable of giving consent to having sex; so for example, if Jen, a year-old willingly has sex with Tony, her year-old boyfriend, Tony can be charged with rape, since Jen is not legally capable of giving consent in the first place. But if Jen and Tony are married and living in Alabama, Tony need not fear criminal charges for having consensual sex with Jen.
However, if Tony were to rape Jen force her to have sex against her will , he would have no protection under the law even if the two are married. For more information about rape between spouses, see Marital Rape Laws. In Alabama, there is a Romeo and Juliet exemption for consensual genital intercourse between a minor who is 12 or older and a defendant who is less than two years older than the younger minor and of the opposite sex.
Given that the rationale for the age of consent has remained essentially unchanged in its emphasis on the need to protect 'immature' children, the table highlights the shifting and various definitions of childhood employed across time and cultures. Date compiled from the following sources: The Homosexuality of Men and Women. Translated by Michael Lombardi-Nash.
The age of consent, at the time applying only when the girl is the younger party, was 10 when California introduced its penal code in In the age of consent was raised to In the age of consent became The age of consent in California has been 18 since Some media sources reported that the age of consent in California in the s was 14 or 16 but in fact it was and has been In the s Governor of California Pete Wilson stated that there was a trend of men in their mid-to-late 20s having sex with and impregnating teenage girls around 14 years of age and that the statutory rape laws needed to be enforced to prevent this.
In Kristin Olsen , a Republican member of the State Assembly of California , sponsored a bill that criminalizes sexual relations between K teachers and students, including students over 18, as well as sexual text messages and other communications aimed at seducing a student.
The bill was proposed after a year-old teacher and year-old high school student publicly announced that they were in a relationship. By there had been civil court rulings in California stating that minors under 18 may consent to sexual activity, even though the age of consent is 18 under state criminal law.
The age of consent in Colorado is 17; however, there exists in the legislation close-in-age exceptions , which allow those aged 15 and 16 to engage in acts with those less than ten years older and those less than 15 to engage in acts with those less than four years older. A year-old may not, however, consent to sex with a person who is in a position of trust with respect to the person under the age of eighteen. Notwithstanding the age of consent, however, for purposes of child prostitution offenses in Colorado, a "child" means a person under the age of eighteen years.
Reasonable mistake of age, or similarity in age, is not a defense to these offenses. All child prostitution offenses are class three felonies class one felonies are capital offenses, class two felonies include second degree murder. So, while it is not a crime for a year-old to have non-commercial sex with a year-old in Colorado, it is a serious crime punishable by four to twelve years in prison for an 18 year old to engage in any sexual act, or to present at a "place of prostitution" with an intent do so, for money or any other thing of value with a seventeen-year-old with the reasonable belief that the minor was under eighteen years old.
The same conduct, entered into with an eighteen-year-old and without a belief that the prostitute was under eighteen years of age, would be a misdemeanor. Those under the age of eighteen are also children for the crime of inducing or coercing someone to have sex or to have sexual conduct with another for the voyeur's gratification, or to expose themselves to another for the voyeur's sexual gratification, C. There is a marriage exception to both Colorado's statutory rape law, C.
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However, while Colorado law does recognize common law marriages entered into when both spouses are eighteen years of age or older, it does not recognize common law marriages entered into in Colorado or elsewhere after September 1, , when one spouse is under eighteen years of age. The general age of consent in Connecticut is This applies in most relationships.
Connecticut recognizes that minors who are at least 13 can consent to sexual activity if and only if there is less than a 3-year age difference. However consensual, sexual intercourse within the 3-year age difference by a minor 13 through 17 years old may , upon a complaint, lead the Connecticut Superior Court to a "family with service needs" finding. Such a finding would allow the Court to issue orders as it finds necessary in dealing with the matter.
Consensual sexual intercourse over the 3-year age difference where the minor is 13 to 15 years old would subject the older party to a charge of Sexual Assault, 2nd Degree, in violation of C. Any juvenile offender 14 years old or older has the case automatically transferred to the regular criminal docket of the Superior Court by operation of law, and thus stands before the court to be tried as an adult. A guilty verdict would result in conviction of a Class B felony sex offense , with a mandatory minimum of 9 months and maximum 20 years imprisonment. It would not matter if the older person did not know of the age difference, or if the younger person lied about age.
However, if the offender is 17 years old or younger, has a clean record, and such sexual activity was consensual, Youthful Offender status a pre-trial diversionary program that seals the court record and results in a dismissal of charges may be granted. Previously the Connecticut age gap was two years, not three. By there had been a proposal to increase the gap to four years to reduce the number of close-in-age statutory rape cases being prosecuted, but three years was selected as a compromise.
Connecticut also recognizes that minors under 13 are released from criminal liability as to consensual sexual activity if and only if there is less than a 2-year age difference.
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Consensual between minors sexual intercourse over the 2-year age difference where the minor is under 13 years old would subject the older minor to a charge of Sexual Assault, 1st Degree, in violation of C. A guilty verdict would result in conviction of a Class A felony sex offense , with a mandatory minimum of 5—10 years and maximum 25 years imprisonment. However, the offender would have the same chance to apply for Youthful Offender status see Sexual Assault, 2nd Degree above provided the criteria are met.
A juvenile offender 13 years old and younger would be charged as a "serious juvenile offender" under C. Because the charge is a sex offense, the juvenile prosecutor can request that the proceeding designated a "serious sexual offender prosecution". Unless the juvenile waives the right to a trial by jury , the case proceeds to the regular criminal docket of the Superior Court, where the juvenile must face trial as an adult.
If the juvenile agrees to the waiver, the case will proceed through the juvenile system with a bench trial.
Alabama Statutory Rape Laws
The age of consent in Delaware is 18, but it is legal for teenagers aged 16 and 17 to engage in sexual intercourse as long as the older partner is younger than Definitions generally applicable to sexual offences. Children who have not yet reached their twelfth birthday are deemed unable to consent to a sexual act under any circumstances.
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Rape in the fourth degree; class C felony. The age of consent in Florida is 18, [38] but close-in-age exemptions exist. By law, the exception permits a person 23 years of age or younger to engage in legal sexual activity with a minor aged 16 or As used in this section, "sexual activity" means oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ of another; however, sexual activity does not include an act done for a bona fide medical purpose Florida code, Title XLVI, Chapter A new law passed in stated that people convicted of statutory rape may be removed from the sex offender list if they were no more than four years older than their victims, had only the statutory rape offense on their records, and had victims aged 14— The age of consent in Georgia is 16 and there is no close-in-age exception , though the offenses are a misdemeanor rather than a felony in cases where the perpetrator is less than 19 years of age and is no more than 4 years older than the victim.
Ages of consent in the United States
The crime of " statutory rape " makes it illegal for a perpetrator of any age to have sexual intercourse with someone under the age of 16 that they are not married to. This offense carries a minimum sentence of 1 year in prison, and a maximum of 20 years. If the offender is 21 years of age or older, the minimum is raised to 10 years in prison, and the offender is subject to sex offender sentencing guidelines.
The crime " child molestation " makes it illegal for anyone to engage in "any immoral or indecent act to or in the presence of or with any child under the age of 16 years with the intent to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires of either the child or the person", as well as electronically transmit any depiction of such an act. For repeat offenders, the minimum 10 years and the maximum is life imprisonment. This crime has the same close-in-age exception as statutory rape stated above if the victim is 14 or 15 years old and the actor is 18 or younger and within 4 years of age.
A third applicable crime is " aggravated child molestation ", which is any act of the previously mentioned child molestation that causes injuries to the victim, or involves an act of "sodomy" defined under state law as any act of oral sex or anal sex. However, if the victim is 13, 14 or 15 years old, the actor is 18 or younger and within 4 years of age, and the act committed was "sodomy" and did not cause injury, the crime is reduced to a misdemeanor.
This exception was added after a landmark case, Wilson v. State of Georgia occurred in and caused lawmakers to think the statute should have a close-in-age exception.
Alabama Age of Consent Laws | LegalMatch Law Library
At the time because of the words of the law, a year-old boy was sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual oral sex with a year-old girl. Georgia was notoriously resistant to raising its age of consent in the Progressive Era. In , the Georgia Supreme Court reversed the conviction of a man convicted of raping a year-old girl because the age of consent in Georgia was 10 at the time. Nonetheless, the Court recommended raising the Georgia age of consent, saying "the age of consent in many States is higher than in this State, and should be made higher here; and a committee of ladies" is petitioning to do that.
As it turned out, Georgia's age of consent would remain at 10 until , and even then it was only raised to The age of consent in Hawaii is There is however a close-in-age exemption, which allows those aged 14 and 15 to consent to sex with those less than five years older.